Abbreviated or not abbreviated? Is it the right question?

Abbreviated or not abbreviated? Is it the right question?

and cause of death among elderly chronic obstructive disease patients after first admission to hospital. Respiration 1997;64:281–4. 7 Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, et al. Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1997;52:43–7. 8 Hansell AL. Lies, damned lies and mortality statistics? Thorax 2006;61:923–4. 9 Sin DD, Man SFP. Cooling the fi...

The EFL Pre-Service Teacher Training in Iran: Is it Adequate or not?

Teacher training programs should provide evidence that they are preparing teacher trainees for their teaching career. However, the literature contains few evaluation reports of the layout of the pre-service EFL teacher training program in Iranian EFL context, a gap which this study tries to fill. The participants of the study were high school EFL teachers (n = 346), teacher trainees (n = 97) an...

The Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire

This research develops and validates an abbreviated version of the 35-item Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire (RSLQ), as developed by Houghton & Neck (2002). Using six major dimensions from the RSLQ, and a sample of undergraduate students, we used an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify three factors believed to embody the RSLQ. The EFA produced a nine-item scale. This shortened sur...

Multiagent learning is not the answer. It is the question

The article by Shoham, Powers, and Grenager called “If multi-agent learning is the answer, what is the question?” does a great job of laying out the current state of the art and open issues at the intersection of game theory and artificial intelligence (AI). However, from the AI perspective, the term “multiagent learning” applies more broadly than can be usefully framed in game theoretic terms....

Frail or not? That is the question.